Thursday, August 11, 2011

I have to do a takehome essay for my biology final and I wanna know if i have protein synthesis right .. HELP!?

In transcription, DNA copies its information to mRNA and then mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and attaching itself to a ribosome (rRNA, the site of protein synthesis) in the cytosol. Depending on where the ribosome is, free floating in the cytosol or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), decides where the proteins will function. If the ribosome is floating in the cytosol, the proteins will function inside the cell, but if on the ER, proteins will be exported for use outside of the cell. After mRNA moves to the ribosome, tRNA moves amino acids free floating in the cytosol to the same ribosome. In translation there are 4 bases that pair with each other; adenine pairs with uracil, guanine pairs with cytosine (abbreviated A, U, G, C). Three contiguous bases make up one codon on mRNA and one anticodon on tRNA. On the ribosome, there is a specific region where tRNA’s anticodons pair with mRNA’s corresponding codons. To start the process there is always a start codon with the same base sequence “AUG” which codes for methionine. To end the process there is a stop codon that can either be “UAA” “UAG” or “UGA.” Different base sequences code for different amino acids. Only two tRNA’s can fit on one ribosome at a time so when there are two already on, the last one removes itself and gives up its amino acid to the next tRNA through a peptide bond creating a polypeptide chain. Once the stop codon is reached, the polypeptide chain has all the amino acids that it needs and removes itself from the tRNA.

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